Is Butyrate an Antistat?

Is butyrate an antistat? We get this question often, and the answer is 'at times' and 'no.' 

Every winter we receive calls asking for help with static buildup in pneumatic systems. Lower humidity brings an increase in static electricity. In pneumatic systems, you can decrease static charge through increasing the humidity and ionization in the airflow. Products are available to do this (Google "Industrial Static Eliminators") and you will see a variety of products.  On our end, we can use conductive additives to the resin (expensive) and/or coat the outside surface of the tubing (not-so-much). When coated, the tubing can be properly grounded to avoid possible static shocks. Future blogs will address all of these options.

In pneumatic conveying a static electrical charge is usually generated by friction on the interior of the tubing. In steel tubing, the charge is quickly dissipated. But in plastics' tubing, the charge is usually kept inside the tube. However, in dry conditions, even the outside of the tube can become statically charged. This static charge will be localized. Thus, it may exist in a specific area of the tube as electrons are not free to migrate. A static shock is rare if one were to touch the tube but it can happen.  

With 70+ years of extrusion behind us, we firmly recommend cellulose acetate tubing for pneumatic conveyance. Still, we also extrude PC, PETG. Tritan and PVC resins. But, unless one has a specific need tor these resins, we recommend Eastman Tenite Butyrate 576E UV stabilized, and 264E FDA approved resins.

The axiom was, and still is today, “CAB provides the best transparent tubing for pneumatics due to its clarity, cellulosic base, superior impact strength, easy fabrication, and low acoustic resonance.”

However, without additives, no clear, rigid transparent tube meets the criteria for “static dissipative.”

All transparent plastics resins require additives (such as activated carbon, or quaternary amines) to become dissipative. But, additives can alter the transparency as you can see from the picture on the right. And the concentration of carbon needed to achieve static dissipation would make the tube black opaque. 

Transparent Butyrate falls into the lower echelon category of “insulative;" but due to its plasticizer and moderate water absorption, it is less insulative than acrylics, polycarbonates, PETG, and PVC as shown below. And as humidity increases butyrate enters the category of "antistat" due to butyrate's water absorption.

Activated carbon aids the conductivity of the tubing, but at a price. The tubing will no longer be clear.

 

Ohms Per Square	Material	Description
> 1013	Insulative	Insulators and Base Polymers.  (Butyrate under dry conditions)
109 to1012	Anti-Static	Initial charges are suppressed. Insulates against moderate to high leakage currents.  (Butyrate under humid conditions)
105 to10  9	Dissipative	No or low initial charge. Prevents discharge to or from human contact.   (Butyrate with an added static-dissipative coating)
103 to105	Conductive	No initial charge. It provides a path for the charge to bleed-off.
1 to 102	Shielding	Reduces electromagnetic field.

Usual measurement standards are ASTM D257 and IEC 60093.

Comparison of various materials (mostly transparent) on volume resistivity.
The table below was compiled from Omnexus

Polymer	Explicit name of the polymer	Min Value(10x Ohm.cm)	Max Value (10x Ohm.cm)
ABS	Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Styrene	14.000	16.000
ABS/PC	Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Styrene/Polycarbonate	14.000	17.000
CAB	CAB - Cellulose Acetate Butyrate	13.000	13.000
COC	Cyclic Olefin Copolymer	14.000	15.000
EVA	Ethylene Vinyl Acetate	15.000	15.000
PC	Polycarbonate	15.000	16.000
PET	Polyethylene Terephthalate	16.000	16.000
PETG	Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (Provista)	15.000	15.000
PMMA	Polymethylmethacrylate (Acrylic)	14.000	16.000
PS crystal	Polystyrene crystal	16.000	17.000
PVC	Polyvinyl Chloride Rigid	15,000	16.000
TRITAN	Eastman Tritan Copolyester	16,000	16,000